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Wind erosion in presence of sparse vegetation – WIND-O-V
Soil erosion by wind, including saltation and dust suspension, has many environmental and climatic implications. At global scale, mineral dust represents 32% of annual natural emission of aerosols in the atmosphere, impacting the Earth radiative budget and biogeochemical cycles. At local scale, wind
Impact of environmental change on planktonic photosymbioses – IMPEKAB
Oceanic environments are sensitive to climate change. The most emblematic example is the bleaching of coral reefs due to the breakdown of the symbiosis between the coral and its dinoflagellate microalgal symbionts in response to temperature rise. Such mutualistic photosymbioses are not only a highly
Climate change effects on volatile plant compound emissions and their impact on insect olfaction – ODORSCAPE
With the growing likelihood of a rapidly changing environment due to the anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, the composition of future odorscapes in agro-ecosystems will largely depend on the sensitivity of VPC production to single or combined component(s) of global climatic change. Yet, th
Epigenetic mechanisms of embryonic heat conditioning in quail – QuailHeatE
The genome of eukaryotes dynamically responds to the environment through epigenetic changes that can be transmitted during development. In particular, changes in gene activity through epigenetic alterations induced by early environmental challenges are known to impact the phenotype, health and disea
Impacts of global change on dispersal costs – DISPCOST
Changes in the environment have an impact on dispersal decisions, through changes in the cost-benefit landscape of this behavior. However, current empirical and theoretical knowledge about the effects of global changes on dispersal costs is still very limited. DISPCOST aims at filling this gap by th
Should birds use plants as a remedy for climate change? – TIT-OAK
The rate at which climate is changing represents one of the biggest threats for biodiversity of our times. One way changes in climate and environment influence population resilience is through the modification of the seasonal timing of life-cycle events like plant flowering, animal reproduction, mig
AdaPtive Potential of Alpine Tree Species to global change – APPATS
This project aims to assess in-situ the adaptive potential - usually measured by common garden experiments - of four of the most abundant alpine tree species. To depict the potential response of these key species to selective pressure induced by climate change, individuals will be sampled along a la
Adaptation of the human gut microbiome to ancient and recent changes in dietary regimes and lifestyle – MICROREGAL
The human gut microbiome clearly interacts with its host (through for example its diet, its consumption of antibiotics, its immune system), as well as with other gut communities (viruses, eukaryotes). However, the respective influence of various environmental (both ecological and cultural) and genet
Central AFrican Rain fOrests: past DYNamics and future resilience – AFRODYN
Species are going extinct at an unprecedented rate. This extinction is largely associated with global changes from land use to climate variation. Tropical rain forests (TRFs) harbor high diversity, representing 50% of terrestrial species biodiversity on just 10% of the land. Moreover, TRF provide vi
Adaptation of a bacterial multispecies biofilm community to perturbations: a pluridisciplinary approach – ACToP
The project aims at discovering the fundamental principles governing the adaptation of multi-species communities to disturbance on a 4-species (4S) bacterial biofilm of natural origin. In the nature, these systems play a crucial role in the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and water. The di
Water warming: lessons from tilapia’s adaptation – CLIMSEX
Water warming due to climate change will have effects on fish reproduction and sex-differentiation. Changes in sex-ratios can strongly impact the effective genetic population size of wild populations, and then the patterns of growth and persistence. In many fish species, high temperatures may induce
ADAPTATION OF PHYTOPLANKTON TO POLAR REGIONS: SURVIVAL STRATEGIES DURING THE ARCTIC WINTER – PhytoPol
Phytoplankton is responsible for about half of the photosynthesis on the planet. In polar regions, phototrophic organisms need to survive during long periods of darkness occurring in winter. However survival mechanisms remain mysterious and uncovering them is a key to understand how primary producti
Coral reef acclimatization to ocean acidification at CO2 seeps – CARiOCA
Climate change is threatening marine life worldwide. Coral reefs, which harbor 1/3 of world’s marine biodiversity and provide ecosystem goods and services to > 500 million people worldwide, are expected to experience severe negative impacts due to climate change. The increasing carbon dioxide (CO2)