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Targeting PAthogen’s NIChe: a new approach for infectious diseases control in low-income countries – PANIC
During the last century, WHO have led public health interventions that resulted in spectacular achievements such as the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the elimination of malaria from the Western world. However, besides major successes achieved in control of infectious diseases, most eliminati
Phenotypic plasticity of a large herbivore along environmental gradients: The EUropean ROe deer NETwork – EUROENET
The stated central aim of EUROENET is to investigate the environmental drivers of observed plasticity in behaviour and life histories of roe deer along climatic and environmental gradients and, thus, infer individual-, population- and species-level responses to human-driven modification of landscape
Deciphering sYmbiotic Networks in cArob-based MedIterranean agro-eCosystems – DYNAMIC
DYNAMIC will contribute to fill knowledge gaps in the ecology of carob symbiotic associations (basic research) to propose new avenues for the development of efficient ecological engineering strategies applied to ecosystem restoration and ecological intensification of agro-ecosystems (applied researc
Exploring the biology of multipartite viruses – Nano
Three main categories of virus genome structure and organization, independently of whether the nucleic acid is single- or double-stranded RNA or DNA, can be distinguished. The “monopartite” viruses have a single chromosome bearing all genetic information and packaged in a single virus particle. The
Diversity for adaptive traits related to water use in two temperate European white oaks – H2Oak
The objectives of H2Oak are to determine whether water use efficiency and underlying traits play an adaptive role in oaks in terms of (1) impact on fitness, (2) adaptation of provenances to their specific environments, and (3) sufficient genetic diversity for future adaptation, especially to climate
Adaptation and Resilience of Spatial Ecological Networks to human-Induced Changes – ARSENIC
An evolutionary objective is to understand how evolution affects trait associations among species, and how such variation in multi-trait phenotypes affects the characteristics of the ecological networks, population densities and interaction strengths. This relies on the development of evolutionary m
Should I stay or should I go? Phenotypic and environmental determinants of larval dispersal – Stay or Go
Environmental changes have caused the destabilization of many of the world’s ecosystems. In order to cope with environmental change, organisms may adapt by selection or adjust their phenotypes. Phenotypic plasticity, the development of alternative phenotypes by given genotypes, and the induced expre
BirdIslandGenomic: A genomic perspective on the evolution in small populations of island endemic birds – BirdIslandGenomic
Oceanic islands provide great opportunities for studying biological evolution. In this project, we propose to investigate island evolution from the genomic point-of-view. Understanding the influence of population size variation on molecular evolution is currently a major topic in the field. Since is
The evolution of sex in spatially and temporally changing environments – SexChange
The SexChange project proposes to explore selective forces acting on sex in different types of environments (stable vs. changing in time or space) using a combination of theoretical and experimental approaches. The theoretical part will consist in using adaptive landscape models representing selecti
Repeatability of the speciation process in butterflies: natural replicates in a suture zone system – SPECREP
We propose to investigate the repeatability of the genomic and phenotypic bases of speciation, taking advantage of the exceptional potential for natural replication offered by a butterfly ‘suture zone’, a narrow region in Peru where multiple racial hybrid zones between Amazonian and Andean populatio
Maternal transfer of immunity in insects: functional characterisation and evolution – MATER-IMMUNITY
Vertebrate females exposed to pathogens transfer specific antibodies to their offspring, providing them with a temporary protection during the time required for their immune system to mature. Invertebrates lack the antibodies that vertebrate females transfer to their offspring. However, maternal tra
Magma chamber to micro-habitats : dynamics of deep sea hydrothermal ecosystems – LuckyScales
Nous proposons de construire et d’opérer un réseau de nouveaux instruments fond de mer qui viendra compléter le dispositif de monitoring en quasi temps réel du champ hydrothermal de Lucky Strike sur la dorsale médio-Atlantique (un élément du réseau d’observatoires marin EMSO- European Multidisciplin
The paradox of being a specialist for a parasite of marine blooming dinoflagellates – HAPAR
Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) result from the rapid increase and accumulation of opportunistic and often toxic microalgae, most of them belonging to the dinoflagellate group. Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment (a.k.a. cultural eutrophication) has been pointed out as one of the main factors enhancing HAB
Invasive insects and their costs for biodiversity, economy and human health – InvaCosts
Global environmental changes are among the most important threats for human society, both directly and indirectly. In particular, climate change and human-assisted introductions of invasive alien species are both expected to become major causes of biodiversity loss and ecosystem functioning disrupti
NEuropeptides of Marine Organisms – NEMO
In animals, neuropeptides working either as neuromodulators or neurohormones play a crucial role in the elaboration of adapted physiological and behavioural responses to environmental constrains. The present project aims to investigate the evolution of neuroendocrine systems and to explore their rol
Evolution of developmental strategies that generate biodiversity in marine chordates – DEVODIVERSITY
Among the extensive biodiversity found in marine environments, the sub-phylum Tunicata (sister group of vertebrates) represents an example of a single taxon with astonishing life history adaptations and phenotypic diversity. In particular, benthic tunicates belonging to the class Ascidiacea, are ses
Estimating absolute size of endangered marine populations from genetically identified parent-offpring pairs – GenoPopTaille
In an ecosystem approach, sustainable exploitation of fisheries resources depends not only on the status of target species, that is species sought after by commercial fisheries, but also on the status those that are caught as bycatch. Certain bycatch species such as rays and sharks, for which abunda
Effect of global warming on marine phytoplankton bloom timing: photoperiodism, composition and adaptation – Photo-Phyto
Marine phytoplankton plays essential roles in food webs and biogeochemical cycles contributing to nearly half of the global primary production. Ocean warming is supposed to be the main factor contributing to the recently observed changes in global phytoplankton biomass and productivity, phenology (t
Evaluating mechanisms of genetic adaptation to rapid environmental changes: agriculture and the human model – AGRHUM
The transition from food collection (hunter-gathering) to food production (farming/herding) has probably been the most important innovation in human history. The shift to agriculture led humans to adopt sedentary lifestyles, resulting in increased population densities, and modified the chemical, nut
Signaling of light-induced oxidative stress in the acclimation mechanisms of plants to climatic changes – SLOSAM
Climatic changes are expected to cause more heat, drought or pathogen stress and also to be associated with more extreme variations of environmental factors. Most of those environmental changes can affect the photosynthetic activity of plants. In general, stress-induced inhibition of photosynthesis
Uncovering the functional role and the ecology of uncultivated Euryarchaeota, key Archaea in aquatic ecosystems – EUREKA
The main objective of this project is to uncover the role and the global ecological importance of members of the Euryarchaeota phylum in aquatic ecosystems. Euryarchaeota, together with Thaumarchaeota, are the two main phyla belonging to the Archaea. Archaea were seen as specialist microorganisms th