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Genetics and integrative biology of plant root hydraulics – HydroRoot
Because of global changes and an increasing demand in food worldwide, it has become crucial to understand how plants absorb and use soil water. The HydroRoot project aims at increasing our fundamental knowledge of root water transport. It will lead to an integrated view of the root, taking into acco
MicroRNAs and phenotypic plasticity – MiRNAdapt
The aim is to better understand the biology of aphids (that are pests) in order to fight them more efficiently. Herein, we propose to describe the networks of genes involved in adaptation of aphids to seasons. The 34.000 genes of an aphid genome (the pea aphid for this study) are not active all toge
Unraveling bases of polyploidy and aneuploidy responses in flowering plants, using the wheat ploid model – PLOID-PLOID-WHEAT
Using the wheat species (genera Triticum and Aegilops) model system, our main objectives are to unravel the major mechanisms and decipher the complex dynamic that follows allopolyploid and aneuploid formation. Integrative approaches will be conducted that includes: i) Analysis of the changes occurri
Role of the chromatin dynamics on the stochasticity in gene expression in higher eukaryotic cells – STOCHAGENE
It has now been demonstrated that gene expression is a probabilistic phenomenon. It is very important to study the causes and consequences, as it is a fundamental mechanism in the functioning of living, involved in major events such as cell differentiation during embryogenesis (eg skin cells, muscle
Function of RNaseIII-like proteins in plants. Implication in the epigenome. – Epi-RNase
The plant model species Arabidopsis has 4 genes (referred to as DCL) that encode RNaseIII proteins of the Dicer type, which produce small RNAs (miRNA and siRNA) that regulate gene expression during development and in response to stresses. Arabidopsis also has 3 genes (referred to as RTL) that potent
Impact of DNA methylation on meiotic recombination in Arabidopsis thaliana – MeioMeth
Factors that control the position and the rates of meiotic recombination events are poorly understood but suggest the presence in various species of an underlying epigenetic control. Old data obtained in a filamentus fungus suggest that DNA methylation could stop locally crossovers formation. We tes
Androgen target genes in nervous system: an approach to study sex bias in neurodevelopmental diseases – HARTaGeNe (Human AR Target Genes in Neur
The original question addressed in this project concerns the gender bias (male excess) observed in different diseases of neuronal development such as autism, mental retardation or Hirschsprung's disease (1.4 to 4 times more boys affected than girls), and how the effects of androgens may play a role
Plant manganese nutrition for optimal photosynthesis and growth – PlantMan
Despite the importance of manganese (Mn) for plant growth, the mechanisms allowing the uptake of this nutrient and the pathway for its incorporation into photosystem II have been the topic of only few studies. The major aim of this project is to combine complementary approaches towards a better unde
Chloroplast And Starch DIVision Analysis : identification of the molecular cross talk – CaSta DivA
In a photosynthetic microalgae, the division of the unique plastid is accompanied by the splitting of the unique starch granule suggesting the importance of the distribution of starch in both daughter structures. Although the situation is different in higher plants (no apparent control of the distri
Generation of mice with targeted mutation of the mitochondrial DNA – Mito-Mouse
The project consists in selecting cell and animal lines with a specific mutation in the mtDNA that would confer a resistance to the expression of the Meganuclease targetting the wild-type mtDNA sequence. Obtaining a mouse with a tragetted mutation wouls allow to study the pathophysiology of mitocho
Dynamics and evolution of yeast genomes, unicellular eukaryotic models. – DYGEVO
In an international context of rapid progress on genomes, particularly the human one and its genetic alterations in cancers, we study the mechanisms involved using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae, presently the best known eukaryotic organism for genomics and allowing the study of rare phenomena ov
A Functional Metagenomic Strategy to decipher Host-Microbiota cross-talk in the Human Intestinal Tract – FunMetaGen
There is now evidence that the gut microbiota can impact different aspects of human physiology, our project focuses on inflammatory processes, especially in the intestine, in relation to inflammatory bowel disease, but also with obesity. Indeed, the intestinal microbiota is a crucial factor in maint
Oxygen detoxification in anaerobic bacteria : functional genomics and bioenergetics of oxygen reductases – O2StressAnaerob
Oxygen is the most powerful compound used by aerobic forms of life through complex respiratory chains that all include at least one membrane-bound terminal oxygen reductase. Surprisingly, the increasing number of sequenced genomes revealed the presence of genes encoding these terminal oxidases not o
Role of NSD/NGD: identification of targets and factors involved in these processes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae – NGD-NSD
Cells have evolved mechanisms to protect themselves from adverse effects related to an incomplete translation of the genetic message. Indeed, when the ribosome is blocked or does not reach the termination signals, protein factors act to recycle the ribosome and to degrade both mRNA and newly synthes
The plant TOR pathway: impact on translation – TRANSLATOR
Plant growth is plastic and adapts to the environment. Growth is strongly linked to protein synthesis. The eucaryotic TOR kinase is an environmental sensor that modify protein synthesis. The goal of the project is to understand plant specific molecular feature lying upstream of TOR, protein complexe
Sequencing of the oak genome and identification of genes that matter for forest tree adaptation – GENOAK
Tree adaptation to climate change will depend on both their phenotypic plasticity and standing genetic variation. The objective of the project is to identify genes of adaptation by combining the holistic approaches of evolutionary ecology tothe high throughput genomic technologies. In a first ste
Plant and Animal Genome Evolution – PAGE
Compte tenu de l'impact socio-économique des végétaux et des animaux et de l'explosion récente de la capacité de séquençage des génomes, le projet PAGE vise à fournir, pour la première fois, une vision claire de l'évolution des génomes de plantes et d’animaux par une approche globale et robuste de g
Systemic impact of Mtb protein O-mannosylation in survival and virulence: Structural and functional definition of the Mtb glyco-proteome. – TB GlycoPrOmics
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains a major public health threat with two millions people dying from tuberculosis each year (1 death every 16 seconds) (1). The disease burden is worsened by the alarming emergence of Multi- or eXtensively drug resistant (M-/X-DR) Mtb strains which have unveiled