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Joint study of Zostera meadows impact on benthic processes and fluxes in coastal zones – IZOFLUX
Seagrass meadows are considered as an essential component of coastal lagoons. The objective of IZOFLUX (3.5-years) was to characterize the relationship between processes and fluxes in the sediments colonized by seagrass meadows by considering the recent knowledge and the new technologies in the fiel
CO2 emissions from tropical fires and their impact on climate: a two-decade survey from space – TropFire
The overall goal of the TropFire project is to improve the knowledge of fire carbon emissions in the tropics, which represent 80% of the global emissions of carbon by fires, and understand their relationship with climate and socio-economic drivers, using newly available satellite products. The simu
Geochemical confinement of aqueous solutions and phase transitions in finely porous media – ConGé
Very large amounts of information are available on the phenomena taking place in porous media. They demonstrated that at certain threshold sizes, the properties of porous liquids deviate from those of their bulk counterpart. Measurements and numerical simulations coming from the solids and soft mat
Multiscale water budget in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in the TROpics – TRO-Pico
The TRO-pico project was born of an important scientific question, still open, on the processes that drive stratospheric water balance in the tropics and by extension, all over the globe, in a context of both climate change and announced period of return to equilibrium of stratospheric ozone. The ma
El-Niño : lessons from the past using simulations and observations – ELPASO
plus tard plus tard plus tard plus tard The El-Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the major mode of climate variability in the tropical regions (Philander, 1990). It is a manifestation of the strong ocean-atmosphere coupling in the tropical Pacific and occurs every 2 to 7 years. Its monitoring, und
Global perspectives on the terrestrialization process – TERRES
The invasion of the land by plants and animals (“terrestrialization”: Ordovician - Devonian) is one of the most significant evolutionary events in the history of life on Earth, and correlates in time with periods of major palaeoenvironmental perturbations. The development of a vegetation cover on th
The Saharan climate system – FENNEC
The Saharan heat low plays a pivotal role in the monsoon system of West Africa and in the exchanges of moisture and aerosols between the Sahara, the Mediterranean and the Sahel. It is also located in regions with the highest aerosol loads of earth's atmosphere during the northern summer. The desert
Environment of Early life on Earth 2 – eLIFE2
During the course of project ANR-Blan-eLIFE that ended November 2009, we have obtained, among others, two results of great significance for our understanding of the interplay between biological processes and the evolution of the primitive atmosphere and oceans prior to the Great Oxidation Event at a
A trans-disciplinary approach to quantify water resources and their impact on natural ecosystems in the Galapagos Islands – GIIWS
The objectives of this project are: (I) To improve the understanding of hydrogeology in tropical volcanic islands of intra-plate origin. (II) To show the invaluable input of jointed investigations in hydrological and ecological sciences for the understanding of ecosystem functioning and restoration
Characterisation, quantification and modelling of the impact of land use onto one of the major pedological processes: lessivage. – AGRIPED
Leaching of clay is a natural process that tends to degrade soils, reducing the clay content at the surface and forming impermeable layers at depth. The process of bioturbation by soil fauna or roots is an antagonist process which, in contrast, tends to homogenize the soil. These processes of vertic
Magnetochemistry of iron oxides nanostructures: Nature’s signatures of environmental change – MaNOFe
The global hypotheses that we want to test are: (1) the intensity of specific magnetic parameters in modern soils are in general higher than those of the parent material (due to increased concentrations in magnetite, Fe3O4, and maghemite, Fe2O3), and (2) these properties provide an empirical measure
Mantle Melting – Measurements, Models, Mechanisms – M&Ms
Our goal is to understand how the mantle melts and the role this process plays in the broad-scale, long-term evolution of our planet. We intend to investigate near-surface processes such as the formation of basalt of the oceanic crust, oceanic islands and volcanic plateaus, and deep-seated processes
Upscaling of geological elastic models for seismology – mémé
The general objective of this project is to tackle the small scale problems in seismology for 3D complex structures and to apply it to receiver site effects, to source corrections, to 3D wave propagation in complex media with Spectral Element as well as near surface fine structure effect in seismic
Melting Processes at Core Mantle Boundary – CMBmelt
Study of partial melting at the base of the Earth's mantle One roud of experiments at ESRF Post-doc search under progress None Seismological, geodynamical and mineral physics observations favor the presence of chemical heterogeneity in the lowermost mantle boundary layer. They are thought to be asso
Volatile Cycling and Electrical Conductivity in the Earth’s Mantle: The Carbonatite connection – ELECTROLITH
4 7 8 9 Geochemical investigations on mantle-derived rocks and remote geophysical observations are powerful tools to illuminate the physico-chemical processes that govern the Earth’s mantle dynamics. Providing a model satisfying both types of observations is the cornerstone of cutting-edge resear
High spatial and spectral resolution bio-optical measurements in the Mediterranean Sea (BOUSSOLE site): fundamental aspects and biogeochemical implications and applications – BIOCAREX
The development of observing systems for the global ocean relies heavily on data provided by satellite observations, especially observations of the so-called "ocean colour" (visible and near infrared radiometry, VSR). Two parallel efforts must be supported in this context. The first one is to ensure
Hazard, seismogenic dynamics, and seismic/aseismic coupling of an active fault system in the western Rift of Corinth, Greece. – SISCOR
The SISCOR project aims at providing new, key observations and improved methodologies for contributing to refine the prediction laws and the physical models of earthquake generation and fault activity, including transients, at various space and time scales. The selected area is the western rift of
Natural hydrogen fluxes at mid-ocean ridges - experimental quantification – FLUXHYD
Hydrogen is increasingly considered as a commercial fuel for tomorow's energy. This involves several steps, such as the production of H2 which is almost exclusively considered from industrial processes. So far, H2 has not been considered to be present in significant amounts in natural systems. Howev
Modulation of ENSO by tropical intraseasonal air-sea fluxes in the tropical Pacific and the impact of climate change – METRO
The goal of this proposal is to investigate the influence of intraseasonal (ISO) wind and heat fluxes variability on the predictability of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system in the tropical Pacific. A first objective of this proposal will be to describe the ISO air-sea flux properties in both obse
Obduction: no longer a puzzle? (O:NLAP) – O:NLAP
Obduction corresponds to one of plate tectonics oddities, whereby dense, oceanic rocks (ophiolites) are presumably ‘thrust’ on top of light, continental ones (Coleman, 1971). The Peri-Arabic obduction corresponded to a spectacular, almost synchronous thrust movement along thousands of km from Turkey
CloUd MULtiphase chemistry of organic compoUndS in the troposphere – CUMULUS
Global Change issues cannot be solved within the restricted frame of traditional disciplines, but require a multidisciplinary approach that gathers specialists from different fields. In order to improve our capability of predicting future air quality and climate change, there is an urgent need to ob
Kerguelen Ocean and Plateau compared Study2 – KEOPS 2
The project KEOPS2 (Kerguelen Ocean and Plateau compared Study) is the second French initiative to investigate the impact of natural iron fertilization on the biogeochemical cycles in the Southern Ocean. One of the first natural iron fertilization experiments (KEOPS1, Jan.to Feb. 2005) has provided