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Development of new, efficient and ecofriendly rodenticides to control rodent outbreaks – ROC
Rodent management is essential for health and economic issues. This management is very often based on the use of rodenticide anticoagulants (AR) facing 2 major problems, i / the resistance phenomena due to mutations of the target enzyme of the ARs, VKORC1, and ii / their ecotoxicity due to their lon
Many strategies, one aim. How viruses manipulate hosts and vectors for transmission: Rome – Rome
Evidence emerges that viruses manipulate plant traits, vector behavior and vector performance to optimize their transmission. Thus, research targeting plant viruses, vectors and hosts, and exploring the tritrophic interactions between them may show ways to more sustainable pest control strategies. T
Reproductive and programming consequences of a high carbohydrate nutrition of trout broodstock – SweetSex
Salmonids and especially rainbow trout are carnivorous species, considered to be poor users of dietary carbohydrates. However, these results were mainly observed in juvenile and immature trout and data on broodstock, whose physiology/metabolism is different due to gametogenesis, are almost non-exist
Editing epigenetic modifications to rewire plant development – REWIRE
How do higher plants deploy flexible and adjustable developmental programs? Considerable advances have been made in identifying genetic and epigenetic regulators, but so far, studies of plant epigenomes have mainly derived correlations between chromatin contexts and development. To convert correla
Membrane microdomain HIR proteins: control of iron uptake machinery and new functions in Arabidopsis – NUTRIR
The main objective of the NUTRIR project is to develop a new area of research aiming at better understanding the function of HIR proteins and membrane nanodomains in plants. The first objective is to: (i) characterize the small Arabidopsis HIR protein family (HIR1-HIR4) at the cellular level in t
Cell wall Microdomain molecular scaffolds control plant cell Wall dynamics – MicroWall
The main molecules of interest are proteins encoded by 3 multigenic families [class III peroxidases (PRXs), pectin methyle esterases (PMEs) and PME inhibitors (PMEIs)] as well as a cell wall polysaccharide whose structure is highly variables: the homogalacturonans (HGs). The working hypothesis cons
Elucidating the cellular bases of fish fecundity: dynamics and regulation of oogenesis in medaka – DynaMO
Female fecundity, i.e. the number of spawned eggs at each reproductive cycle, being the direct output of the oogenetic process occurring in the ovary, is a key factor for the management of both wild and farmed fish. Commitment into oogenesis (frequency, rate) and duration of the overall process grea
Large-scale analysis of the adaptation of the Brettanomyces bruxellensis yeast to human fermentation processes – BrettAdapt
The yeast species Brettanomyces bruxellensis is associated with various fermentation processes including wine and beer. In some of them, it is considered as a spoiler (e.g. wine) while it can have a positive contribution in beer production. Previous experiments showed a strong relationship between p
Production, perception and transport of phytohormones by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi – Mycormones
The objectives of the project are: - to provide a comprehensive list of phytohormones released by AM fungi - to assess the ability of AM fungi to respond to different classes of phytohormones, and to characterise the perception mechanisms for a subset of hormones - to select phytohormones active
PIGIMMUNITY: a systems biology approach to boost innate immunity in the pig – PIGIMMUNITY
Great efforts are being directed into the search of new alternative methods to antibiotics. Among those, stimulation of innate immunity has been identified as a promising prophylactic and/or therapeutic strategy to combat infectious diseases due to their ability to activate host immune mechanisms wi
Mode of action of biosourced phytostimulants on a multi-stress signalling pathway – BioPhyt
Phytostimulants stimulate plant growth at low doses. Generally, it is not known how phytostimulants act on plants. Knowing their mode of action could greatly help to use them more rationally and to assess their harmlessness to the environment. The fact that STOP1 and ALMT1 are conserved in plant s
Genetic and molecular dissection of hydathode and vascular immunity in plants – NEPHRON
Plant pathogens such as Ralstonia, Xylella or Xanthomonas are responsible for devastating vascular systemic infections in crops. The genetic basis of plant vascular immunity are poorly understood thus limiting the design of resistant or tolerant crops. With a focus on black rot disease of Brassicace
Structure, evolution and function of fungal virulence effectors – MagMAX
Attempts to probe into the evolutionary, molecular and functional drivers of effector diversification have been hindered by the lack of large effector families identified in fungi, and thus the lack of good criteria to prioritize effectors for functional analysis. In this project, we overcome the me
Understanding the combined effects of drought and heat stresses on tree mortality – HydrauLeaks
Droughts cause more dieback in forests when they are associated with strong heat waves, as during the summer of 2003 in France. However, the physiological mechanisms of the exacerbating effect of water stress by temperature on tree mortality remain to be elucidated. The main objective of this projec
Chemogenetic characterization of the egg-laying behavior of the fruit pest species Drosophila suzukii – Chemosuz
Read the report ! Read the report ! Read the report ! Read the report ! Drosophila suzukii is an invasive species causing severe damages to the fruit industry in Europe and North America. Indeed, in contrast with other drosophilids that exclusively target decaying fruit, D. suzukii has evolved a pre
Engineering synthetic PPR motif RNA binding proteins for the site-specific regulation of gene expression in living organisms – SynPPR
Manipulating the expression of organismal genes remains a major challenge for the applied and basic science. To answer this question, this project proposes to exploit the largest family of RNA binding proteins identified that controls the genetic expression of organelles, the PentatricoPeptide Repea
Identification and characterization of compatibility and incompatibility factors in plants and aphids – P-Aphid
Aphids are serious pests of many cultivated crops and mainly managed by application of pesticides. Pesticides can be harmful to the environment and human health, and many aphid species have developed resistance mechanisms against insecticides; therefore, alternative methods for aphid control are req
Stt-photosynthesis regulation – PhotoRegul
Plant primary productivity is at the basis of our human societies: for food, for fuel and for renewable materials. Photosynthesis is currently proposed as the final frontier for increasing biomass production. For such an ambitious undertaking, an integrated approach, starting from the molecular leve
Key pathogenicity determinants of the adaptation of a nematode pest to a resistant host plant – ADMIRE
Plant-parasitic nematodes cause several hundred billion € loss to agricultural production annually. To meet projected global food requirements in 2050, the Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that food production will need to increase by 70%. A major constraint to achieve these targets is cr
Evolution and function of plant NO-Synthases – ALGAE-NOS
Nitric Oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous signaling mediator involved in many biological processes throughout the tree of life. In mammals, NO is central in the regulation of the vascular tone, the neural communication … and is synthesized by a family of enzymes, the NO-Synthases (NOSs). Most of the structu
Deciphering the role of MKK3 module in seed dormancy – MAPKSEED
Dormancy is an adaptive trait that is established during seed maturation and prevents seed germination on the parent plant or out of proper season after seed dispersal. It is also an important agronomic trait as germination before harvest (vivipary) is a major cause of crop yield losses. Abscisic ac
contribution of imPrIntome to PiglET birTh wEight - a targeted integrative -omics strategy – PIPETTE
Birth weight (BW) is a complex trait associated with important economic and welfare issues in pig production. We propose to dissect the molecular architecture of BW by focusing on imprinted genes given their crucial role in pre- and post-natal growth and development. Genomic imprinting is an attrac
EpigenetiC Landscape Dynamics in infected host cells and Pathogen-mediated Subversion of the Epigenome – EPICLIPSE
Plants have evolved an innate immunity that relies on the recognition of pathogenic determinants. A major consequence of recognition is a rapid and massive transcriptional reprogramming of defense genes that involves changes in chromatin composition and remodeling. Nevertheless, we are far from unde
Seed tissue and nutrient partitioning in perispermic pseudocereals – PeriSeed
Seed structure is central to modern agricultural production because it influences yield and nutrient composition. Flowering plants evolved a large spectrum of seed architectures through natural and human selection. Three major types of seed architectures have been characterized according to the volu
Regulation of Algae Photosynthesis by Light and Metabolic signals – MetaboLIGHT
Light has two roles for photosynthetic organisms: sensed by photoreceptors it pro-vides spatiotemporal information; absorbed by chloroplast pigments it supplies energy for photosynthesis, crucial for life on Earth. To thrive, plants and algae evolved the ability to integrate these two functions, thr