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French, Italian and Australian scientists unite their knowledge and capability to study the interior of the Antarctic plateau between the French-Italian Concordia station (75°S, 123° E), and the US South Pole station (90°S). The scientific objectives of EAIIST are to study the icy terrain of the Ant
Because of their large coverage and cooling effect of the Earth system, boundary-layer clouds are key elements of the climate system. They modulate the water and energy cycles of the atmosphere and strongly impact surface temperatures at various scales. These clouds are often much smaller than a gri
The overarching objective of the proposal is to develop a compact, transportable differential absorption lidar for measuring concentration of water vapor isotope HDO, at high spatio-temporal resolution in the lower troposphere with an unprecedented accuracy. The Water Vapor Isotope Lidar is a unique
In the current context of global change, numerical models are key tools to explore the characteristics of the Earth climate and anticipate its evolution. Despite the increasing complexity of climate models (CMs), their representation of air-sea interactions remains a fundamental issue. This includes
Snow cover is a key component of our weather and climate system, in particular through its high ability to reflect sunlight (albedo). Light absorbing impurities in snow such as soot and mineral dust decrease the albedo causing an acceleration of snow metamorphism and melt. Currently, the effect of l
The specific objectives of the project are to (i) experimentally improve our understanding of size segregation physical processes, especially particle-particle interactions and the feedback with the transporting fluid (ii) develop a hierarchy of process-based models at different scales for understan
The Indian summer monsoon (ISM) occurs within the word’s strongest hydrological regime and its rainfall and wind patterns affect the livelihoods of billions of people. Globally, the area influenced by monsoon systems is predicted to increase over the 21st century as a result of anthropogenic tempera
Geodetic data assimilation and estimation of references for climate change investigation – GEODESIE
Geodetic references are essential for many applications linked to the observation and the monitoring of our Planet (sea level rise, ice melting, glacial isostatic adjustment, etc.). They are fundamental to support the challenges of our century and, more particularly, to understand climate change. Th
The Southern Ocean (oceans south of 30°S) plays a key role in global biogeochemical cycles. Vertical exchange in the Southern Ocean is indeed responsible for half of the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide and for supplying nutrients that fertilize three-quarters of the biological product
More than half of the world’ population lives in coastal areas, and three-quarters of all large cities are located on the coast. The impact of coastal megacities (city with a population of over 10 millions) on the environment is significant due to their rapid development, high population densities
Organo-mineral interactions : nanoscale mechanisms for carbon sequestration in soils – NanoSoilC
Land uses disrupt the natural functioning of soils, leading to degradation of soil resources. At the same time, forecasts estimate that agricultural production has to be increased by 1.85-fold to meet the food demand of 9 billion people by 2050. Agro-ecological practices thus have to fulfil two main
Rising atmospheric CO2 affects the ocean and marine ecosystems through changes in the carbon cycle and through acidification of surface waters. The present project deals with this latter process, which is expected to change metal speciation and availability. It is of particular relevance to anticipa
GECO-REE will identify and quantify the magmatic processes responsible for the genesis of the principal Rare Earth Element (REE) deposits on Earth (carbonatite igneous rocks) through an integrated study (from mantle source to the final REE-enriched product) of the only active carbonatitic volcano on
The ocean is an important climate regulator, absorbing about one third of the anthropogenic carbon (C) through its physical and biological pumps. Therefore, without the biological carbon pump (BCP), today's atmospheric C concentration would be ~50% higher. BCP strength varies with primary production