Déchets agroindustriels, leurs usages potentiels comme matériaux pour l’habitat et la construction – AWaPUMat

A) Particulate composites of agro-industrial residues (Task 1)

• Evaluation of the influence of the climate variables,
• Study of the durability and performance of the materials starting from measuring of their physical and mechanical properties;
• Evaluation of the thermal conductivity of the particleboards.

B) Composites: inorganic matrix with natural fibers (Task 2)

1 - Natural fibers treatment by methane cold plasma and pyrolysis:
• Physical, chemical, mechanical and microstructural characterization of the fibers;
• Study of the mechanisms and degradation agents of the fibers under the effect of highly alkaline environment;
• Study of the adherence to the inorganic matrix of the coconut, sisal and curauá fibers using the pullout test.

2 - Evaluation of agroindustrial waste ashes as possible pozzolanic additions:
• Physical, chemical and mineralogical characterization of the ashes with the aim of assessing the possible pozzolanic activity;
• Study of the pozzolanic reaction in various systems, pozzolan/Ca(OH)2 and pozzolan/cement, in order to assess the pozzolanic activity. Also, the formation and stabilization of the hydrated phases will be analyzed;
• Evaluation in the nano-, micro- and macroscopic scale of the complex mechanisms that take place in cement pastes by mechanical tests and microstructural characterization;
• Establishment of a scientific and technical base on the feasibility to produce cement added with agroindustrial ashes.

3 - Evaluation of the ashes in cementitious matrices for application in fibrous composites:
• Analysis of the behavior of the ashes in the production of cement based composites reinforced with lignocellulosic fibers and pulps;
• Study of the mechanisms and degradation agents of the cellulose fibers in cement matrix with and without ashes;
• Mechanical and physical characterization of the composites;
Evaluation of the thermal conductivity of the composites as a useful tool in the analysis of the feasibility and their use.

Task 1 : Particle composite of agro-industrial residues

The physical-chemical and anatomical characterization (bulk density, pH, EDS) of residual lignocellulosic fibers allowed us to identify similarities and differences between those materials and the wood of Pinus sp. The residual fiber can be used for the elaboration of particle board.

The production and evaluation of the multilayer particle boards
the thickness swelling and water absorption were acceptable but it is possible to reduce these, with better resin distribution; the MOR and MOE suggest the production of particleboards with functional gradation present advantages with respect to one-layer particleboards (homogenous).

Results of thermal conductivity in sugar cane bagasse particleboards and polyurethane resin


Task 2 : Inorganic composites with natural fibers


Modeling of thermal performance of piglet house with non-conventional floor system :
Cement-based composites materials were elaborated with swine deep bedding ashes (DBA) and reinforced with sisal chopped fibers for the floor.


Vegetable fibers treated by methane cold plasma
The cold methane plasma treatment induced significant superficial changes in the residual sisal fibers. The overall trend can be explained by the possible formation of an external polymerized layer on the surface, contributing to the decrease of the surface roughness, the increase of the dielectric constant and reducing the water absorption.
The cold plasma treatment increase mechanical properties : higher pullout load, shear stress and the ultimate tensile strength after accelerated ageing test

Mineral additions based on agro-industrial wastes
The effect of partial replacement of cement by natural pozzolan and bagasse ashes, on bending strength, specific heat of composites and thermal conductivity at 28 and 90 days, of composites containing various amounts of fibers have been determined.

Task 1 :
- Study of 2D natural materials – Potentiality as reinforcement of composite materials
- Durability study of particle boards

Task 2 :
- Treatment of the vegetable fibres of green coconut and sisal The vegetable fibres untreated and treated by methane cold plasma will be submitted to accelerated ageing in saturated Portland cement solution in order to study the treatment efficiency,
- Ashes from agro-industrial wastes as possible pozzolanic additions.
- Inorganic matrix/durability - Study and characterization of vegetable fibers - Evaluation of composite materials.

1. BALLESTEROS, J. E. M.; FIORELLI, J.; SAVASTANO JR, HOLMER; VIDIL, L. Evaluation of the Effect of Drying and Rewetting Cycles in Eucalyptus Pulps. International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET), v. 7, p. 397-400, 2015.
2. BILBA, K. RODIER, L, ONESIPPE, C. ARSÈNE, M-A. Thermal and mechanical behaviors of cementitius composites reinforced with bagasse. Key Engineering Materials (Online), accepted for publication.
3. SARTORI, D. L.; CRAVO, J. C. M.; BARRERO, N. G.; FIORELLI, J.; SAVASTANO JUNIOR; NAKANISHI, E. Y. Modular panel with wood and particleboards of sugarcane bagasse for cattle handling facilities. Acta Scientiarum, v. 37, n. 1, p. 3-9, 2015.
4. FIORELLI, J.; CASTRO JR., S. L.; GARZON, N.; WILLIAMS, D.; GUESSO, F. L.; SAVASTANO JUNIOR, H.; ROSSIGNOLO, J. A. Particleboards with Agricultural Wastes: Sugar Cane Bagasse and Reforestation Wood. Key Engineering Materials (Online), v. 600, p. 667-676, 2014
5. BELINI, U. L. ; FIORELLI, J. ; SAVASTANO JR, H. ; TOMAZELLO FILHO, M. . Density profile as a tool in assessing quality of new composite. Materials Research (São Carlos. Impresso), v. 17, p. 138-145, 2014.FIORELLI, J. ; RAMOS, R. D. ; SAYAMA, J. T. ; GARZON, N. ; PALLONE, E. A. . Particleboards with waste wood from reforestation. Acta Scientiarum. Technology (Online), v. 36, p. 251-256, 2014
6. BARBIRATO, G. H. A. ; FIORELLI, J. ; GARZON, N. ; PALLONE, E. A. ; LAHR, FAR ; CHRISTOFORO, A. L. ; SAVASTANO JUNIOR, H. . PAINEL AGLOMERADO HÍBRIDO DE CASCA DE AMENDOIM REFORÇADO COM PARTÍCULAS DE MADEIRA ITAÚBA. Ciencia Florestal. dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050987550, v. 24, p. 685-697, 2014.
7. CRAVO, J. C. M. ; SARTORI, D. ; NAKANISHI, E. Y. ; FIORELLI, J. ; SANTOS, W. N. ; BALIEIRO, J. C. C. . Forro ecológico de resíduos agroindustriais para galpões avícolas. Ciência Rural (UFSM. Impresso), v. 44, p. 1466-1471, 2014.